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The Rochelle Park-Rochelle Heights Historic District is a historic residential district located in the city of New Rochelle in Westchester, New York. The district is historically and architecturally significant as an intact and distinctive example of residential park development at the turn of the Twentieth Century.〔NRHP Registration, sec.8, p.18〕 It includes the historic Rochelle Park development, and the later Rochelle Heights subdivision. Within the district are 555 contributing properties, including 513 buildings, 38 structures, and 4 sites. Only 24 buildings and 1 site separately identified within its area are non-contributing.〔 and (''Accompanying 40 photos, exteriors only, undated and without addresses or other identification'' )〕 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on July 6, 2005.〔 The two neighborhoods, combined into one historic district in 1986, reflect the history of suburban design from 1885 when the phenomenon first took hold in Westchester, the first large suburban area in the world to develop, to the 1920s when the automobile and Progressive Era ideas of planning and architecture were coming into favor. The landscape and house architecture of the area remains remarkably intact and provide valuable information about the range of innovative planning principles that were applied there.〔(Westchester: An American Suburb ), Foreword,vii; Kenneth T. Jackson〕 ==Rochelle Park== Laid out in 1885, Rochelle Park is particularly distinguished as the America's third planned residential community, preceded only by Tuxedo Park in New York and Llewellyn Park in Pennsylvania.〔(The Historical and Landmarks Review Board (HLRB) - Rochelle Heights Rochelle Park History )〕 Its overall landscape plan was designed by the architect Nathan Franklin Barrett for the Manhattan Life Insurance Company.〔NRHP Registration, sec.8, p.6〕 Rochelle Park epitomizes the suburban development design principles that Frederick Law Olmsted advocated with the creation of Central Park in New York City: a landscape that provides urban dwellers with the restorative benefits of a picturesque natural environment. Incorporating open space, recreational areas, naturalistic settings, and broad boulevards for public interaction.〔Samuel Swift, "Community Life at Rochelle Park", House & Garden (May 1904);page 235〕 The architecture of the homes is equally impressive, with many fashionable Queen Anne, shingle, and colonial revival style "cottages" designed with tall towers and attic porches to take advantage of the views towards Long Island Sound located a mile away.〔NRHP Registration, sec.9, p.8〕 Rochelle Park is essentially rectangular in dimension, with the southeast corner having been clipped from it by the construction of the New York & New Haven Railroad in the 1850s. In the original plan, the parcel was diagonally divided by a wide boulevard (The Boulevard) that entered the park at a stone gateway and ended at a circle ("The Court"). The Boulevard was intended to continue east through a tunnel under the railroad tracks and south to Long Island Sound. This planned connection gave the park the cachet of water access even though the development was a good distance away.〔NRHP Registration, sec.7, p.2〕 This amenity lasted a very short time due to additional subdivisions of the property and the elimination of right-of-way.〔Rochelle Park-Rochelle Heights local historic district : design criteria guidelines, City of New Rochelle Department of Development (1998); page 11〕 Despite the setbacks from Barrett's original designs, The Boulevard continued to remain one of the most unusual aspects of the community's landscape. At 100 feet wide, The Boulevard allowed for an abundance of green space and deep set-backs for the houses. The scale and design of the Boulevard reflected Barrett's taste for formal landscape elements that anticipated the City Beautiful Movement.〔Title="Nathan Franklin Barrett:Landscape Architect",Landscape Architecture,X3(April 1920); Author=Richard Schermerhorn, Jr.;Pages. 112-113〕 The broad vista created by the Boulevard is intersected in two places by the Serpentine, a roadway that meanders within a rough, rocky section of the landscape. The terrain made a continuous grid plan difficult, thus presenting Barrett with an opportunity to design a more interesting landscape.〔(Rochelle Park - Rochelle Heights Historic District NRHP Nomination Form ), Section 7 Page 3〕 File:RochelleParkEarlyEntrance.PNG File:RPRHEWKembleHouse.JPG File:RPRHHouse.JPG 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rochelle Park-Rochelle Heights Historic District」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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